Models of Attentional Learning
نویسنده
چکیده
Many theories of learning provide no role for selective attention (e.g., Anderson, 1991; Pearce, 1994; Rehder & Murphy, 2003). Selective attention is crucial, however, for explaining many phenomena in learning. The mechanism of selective attention in learning is also well motivated by its ability to minimize proactive interference and enhance generalization, thereby accelerating learning. Therefore, not only does the mechanism help explain behavioral phenomena, it makes sense that it should have evolved (Kruschke & Hullinger, 2010).
منابع مشابه
The effects of attentional focus instructions on learning of balance task amongst Parkinson disease patients
Introduction: Studies with adults have shown that an external focus of attention results in more learning and greater automaticity than an internal focus. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of attentional focus instructions on learning of balance skill amongst patients with Parkinson disease. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, all Parkinson's disease patients referr...
متن کاملPragmatically Framed Cross-Situational Noun Learning Using Computational Reinforcement Models
Cross-situational learning and social pragmatic theories are prominent mechanisms for learning word meanings (i.e., word-object pairs). In this paper, the role of reinforcement is investigated for early word-learning by an artificial agent. When exposed to a group of speakers, the agent comes to understand an initial set of vocabulary items belonging to the language used by the group. Both cros...
متن کاملThe effect of internal attentional focus instructions and various distances of external attention on the static and dynamic balance of the chemical veterans with movement impairment
Background and Aim: Research has shown that the type of attentional instructions plays a vital role in performance and learning of various skills, including balance skills and postural control. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of internal and external (close & far) attentional focus on the static and dynamic balance of chemical veterans with movement impairment. Me...
متن کاملتفاوتهای مرتبط با تمرین تصویرسازی کانون توجه بر تعادل پویا در بیماران اسکلروز چندگانه
Background and Objective: Attentional focus has a significant impact on performance and the learning of many motor skills, including balance skills. Recently, use of mental imagery as a tool for promoting cognitive performance of patients with nerve damage has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Attentional Focus Imagery on dynamic balance (maintaining stability w...
متن کاملEye gaze and individual differences consistent with learned attention in associative blocking and highlighting.
The associative learning effects called blocking and highlighting have previously been explained by covert learned attention, but evidence for learned attention has been indirect, via models of response choice. The present research reports results from eye tracking consistent with the attentional hypothesis: Gaze duration is diminished for blocked cues and augmented for highlighted cues. If deg...
متن کاملEvolution of Attention in Learning
A variety of phenomena in associative learning suggest that people and some animals are able to learn how to allocate attention across cues. Models of attentional learning are motivated by the need to account for these phenomena. We start with a different, more general motivation for learners, namely, the need to learn quickly. Using simulated evolution, with adaptive fitness measured as overal...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2003